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The influence of central serotoninergic and dopaminergic activity on nutritional and metabolic parameters
Brunerová, Ludmila ; Anděl, Michal (advisor) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee) ; Yamamotová, Anna (referee)
THE INFLUENCE OF CENTRAL SEROTONINERGIC AND DOPAMINERGIC ACTIVITY ON NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS MUDr. Ludmila Brunerová SUMMARY Introduction: Neuromediators dopamine and serotonin play a significant role in homeostatic and hedonic regulation of food intake, may exert direct metabolic effects and particularly serotonin influences affectivity. Their central activity could be quantified by functional tests. Common regulatory mediators of metabolism and affectivity represent an interesting research goal. Aims of study: The first aim was to describe the relationship between central serotoninergic activity measured by citalopram challenge test, affectivity, preference of macronutrients in food and metabolic profile in healthy men. The second aim was to confirm the use of sublingual apomorphine test as a functional test for assessment of central dopaminergic activity. The third aim was to reveal the relationship between central dopaminergic activity measured by sublingual apomorphine test, preference of macronutrients and metabolic profile. Methods: The study was performed on 42 healthy men (average age 43.5 ± 7.4 years and average BMI 27.4 ± 5.7 kg/mš) within 4 days with a week interval in between them. Anthropometric and...
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The influence of central serotoninergic and dopaminergic activity on nutritional and metabolic parameters
Brunerová, Ludmila ; Anděl, Michal (advisor) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee) ; Yamamotová, Anna (referee)
THE INFLUENCE OF CENTRAL SEROTONINERGIC AND DOPAMINERGIC ACTIVITY ON NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS MUDr. Ludmila Brunerová SUMMARY Introduction: Neuromediators dopamine and serotonin play a significant role in homeostatic and hedonic regulation of food intake, may exert direct metabolic effects and particularly serotonin influences affectivity. Their central activity could be quantified by functional tests. Common regulatory mediators of metabolism and affectivity represent an interesting research goal. Aims of study: The first aim was to describe the relationship between central serotoninergic activity measured by citalopram challenge test, affectivity, preference of macronutrients in food and metabolic profile in healthy men. The second aim was to confirm the use of sublingual apomorphine test as a functional test for assessment of central dopaminergic activity. The third aim was to reveal the relationship between central dopaminergic activity measured by sublingual apomorphine test, preference of macronutrients and metabolic profile. Methods: The study was performed on 42 healthy men (average age 43.5 ± 7.4 years and average BMI 27.4 ± 5.7 kg/mš) within 4 days with a week interval in between them. Anthropometric and...
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Rats of the genus Rattus: their biology and food preferences
Voráčková, Petra ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Genus Rattus falls into the most extensive mammalian family Muridae, concretely to subfamily Murinae. The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and black rat (Rattus rattus) are the best known species of genus Rattus. Although the laboratory rat is widely used as model organism, the wild species of genus Rattus cause huge economic losses in agriculture, especially in South East Asia. These commensal rodents are also vectors of zoonotic deseases which can cause human infection. One of the way how to reduce their populations is to study the transmission of food preferences. Well known phenomenon of genus Rattus is the social learning and sharing the experience about food to other individuals. Not only due to this fact is this kind one of the most successful in the animal kingdom.
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Food preferences of small terrestrial mammals and their influence on biodiversity of plant communities in wet orchid meadows
CUDLÍN, Ondřej
Food preference of small rodents to consume the roots of wild plants with the emphasize on their impact to bulbs of orchid Dactylorhiza majalis has been studied on three localities during years 2002 - 2007. There were selected ten couples of plants in each plots, one individual of couple plants was protected by tin triangle. Indicated plants have been measured in the beginning (high, length and wide of the leaves and flower number) and at the end of growing period (number of capsules). Small mammals were snaptrapped for three nights in the autumn. On each locality four rows of 25 snap traps were situated, two rows through orchid plots and two without orchids. In years 2004 {--} 2007 the food preference was ascertained on studied sites. Roots of Daucus carota (as a control in year 2004) and roots of Selinum carvifolia (as control in years 2005 - 2007) and roots of tested plant were put into one rectangle "bait" of size 15 x 6 centimeters from gauze. These 50 "baits" were placed among 100 traps on each locality, every other trap, during snaptrapped of small mammals. Browsing was classified by six number scale. During years 2005 - 2007 food preference of Microtus arvalis under laboratory conditions of Science Faculty of South Bohemia University was achieved with the roots of the same species as we used during food preference on plots. During years 2006 -2007 bulbs of Dactylorhiza majalis from laboratory condition and a few idividuals from endengered meadows by revitalization of pond were added. During yeas 2006 and 2007 the contain of stomach from Microtus arvalis and Microtus agrestis, catched during autumn, was studied. Bulb destruction by small rodents during years 2002 - 2007 was not confirmed. But Microtus arvalis preferred bulbs of Dactylorhiza majalis under laboratory conditions and roots of Selinium carvifolium and Lysimachia vulgaris boths in laboratory and wet meadows. Destruction of orchid bulbs and more preferred roots of wild plants by small rodents could occur probably only in outbreaks of their population cycle. I did not observe this on studied plots. In mount of stomach from Microtus arvalis only 3% underground supply organs of plants; rest of stomach contain was consisted of aboveground green part of plants. This result was expexted, because small rodents prefere during vegetation period green part of plants.
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Vliv okusu spárkatou zvěří na chutnost listového opadu pro mnohonožky (Diplopoda)
Ashili, P. ; Tajovský, Karel ; Tuf, I.H. ; Tufová, J.
Millipedes were used as a model group of decomposers for experimental study focusing on this aspect of ungulate - plant - soil invertebrate relationship. Leaf litter and millipedes (.i.Glomeris klugii, Glomeris hexasticha, Glomeris connexa, Julus scandinavius, Leptoiulus proximus, Megaphyllum projectum, Unciger foetidus./i.) were collected at forest localities in the Křivoklátsko PLA and BR, Czech Republic. Palatability of leaves from two different plots was compared. Leaf litter of beech (.i.Fagus silvatica./i.) and hornbeam (.i.Carpinus betulus./i.) was collected in autumn and spring in both plots and used in laboratory tests with millipedes. Consumption differed significantly between the individual experiments. Millipedes preferred hornbeam leaf litter over beech leaves, leaf litter from the fenced plot over that from the grazed plot, and fresh litter over old, overwintered leaves.
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